Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These highly fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that originate from their intrinsic structure and surface chemistry. Their tunable size, shape, and compo

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further leveraged by modifying their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the introduction of functional groups or ligands tha